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What You Need to Know
Cell Cycle
Chromatin vs.
chromosomes – what is difference, when is it found
in the cell?
Why the cell must
divide to create more cells?
Sketch and describe
the process of binary fission. In what type of
cells does it occur?
What are the three
phases of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells?
What percent of the
cell cycle does interphase make up?
What happens during
the G1, S and G2 phases of interphase?
Sketch and describe
the events happening during each phase of mitosis,
including descriptions of the amount of DNA and
chromosomes in the cell
What are kinetochores
and kinetochore microtubules?
How is cytokinesis
different between plant and animal cells?
In animal cells, how
is the cleavage furrow formed? In plant cells, how
is the cell plate formed?
Cancer
Define cancer, tumor
and metastasis.
Contrast benign and
malignant tumors.
Describe how cancer
arises, referring to accumulation of mutations over
time.
What is the function
of a proto-oncogene?
What is the
relationship between proto-oncogenes and oncogenes?
Describe the role of
tumor suppressors?
How are cancer cells
different than normal cells in terms of density
dependency, anchorage dependency and the number of
divisions that a cell can go through?
DNA Replication
Explain what it means
to say that DNA replication is semi-conservative.
Explain the
significance of complementary base pairing in the
conservation of the base sequence of DNA.
Explain what is meant
by DNA replication occurring in a 5' to 3'
direction.
Explain the process of
DNA replication in eukaryotes including the role of
enzymes (helicase, DNA polymerase III, RNA primase,
DNA polymerase I, and DNA ligase), single stranded
binding proteins, Okazaki fragments and
deoxynucleoside triphosphates.
What is an Origin of
Replication? Contrast the number of origins in
prokaryotic cells to the number in eukaryotic cells.
Why is replication
different on the two strands of the DNA helix?
Contrast replication
on the leading strand with replication on the
lagging strand.
What are primers and
why are they needed during replication?
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