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What You Need to Know
Explain why circulatory systems are required by
animals.
List
and describe the three components of the circulatory
system.
Compare an open circulatory system with a closed
circulatory system.
Compare the heart structure of fish, amphibians,
reptiles, birds and mammals.
List
and describe the three layers of the heart.
Describe the structure and function of each of the
four chambers of the human heart.
Describe the structure and function of each of the
valves of the human heart.
Describe the structure and function of each of the
major vessels associated with the human heart.
Define cardiac cycle.
Contrast diastole with systole.
Describe the events of the cardiac cycle.
Explain the cause of the “lub-dub” sound of the
heartbeat.
Describe the causes of heart murmurs.
Explain pacemaker control of the heartbeat, include
functions of the SA node and the AV node.
Describe the shape of the EKG curve.
Explain nervous system control of the heartbeat.
Contrast parasympathetic nervous system with
sympathetic nervous system.
Describe the arterial pressure reflex and blood
volume reflex control of the heart rate.
Explain the effect of K+, Na+ and Ca2+ on heart
rate.
Describe the effect of temperature and emotion on
heart rate.
Describe the structure and function of blood
vessels.
Explain the function of each tunic layer of blood
vessels.
Compare the location, size and function of elastic
arteries, muscular arteries and arterioles.
Compare the location, size and function of
continuous capillaries, fenestrated capillaries and
sinusoidal capillaries.
Describe the structure of capillary beds.
Understand the events happening in capillary beds
and explain how you think those events change the
composition of the blood.
Describe blood flow in veins.
Define blood pressure and describe how blood
pressure differs in arteries, capillaries and veins.
Explain the process of measuring blood pressure.
Trace the path of blood through the pulmonary and
systemic circuits of blood flow.
Describe coronary circulation
Describe fetal circulation.
Describe the function of blood.
Describe the structure and function of erythrocytes
and leukocytes.
Describe the blood clotting process.
Outline clinical considerations related to blood
clotting.
Explain the function of proteins in the blood
plasma.
Explain the role of the lymphatic system.
Describe the structure and function of lymph vessels
and nodes.
Describe the function of lymphatic cells.
Describe the location and function of organs of the
lymphatic system.
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