ü3.5.1

Compare the structure of RNA and DNA.

ü3.5.2

Outline DNA transcription in terms of the formation of an RNA strand complementary to the DNA strand by RNA polymerase.

ü7.1.3

State that nucleosomes help to supercoil chromosomes and help to regulate transcription.

ü7.1.4

Distinguish between unique or single-copy genes and highly repetitive sequences in nuclear DNA.

ü7.3.1

State that transcription is carried out in a direction.

ü7.3.2

Distinguish between the sense and antisense strands of DNA.

ü7.3.3

Explain the process of transcription in prokaryotes, including the role of the promoter region, RNA polymerase, nucleoside triphosphates and the terminator.

ü7.1.5

State that eukaryotic genes can contain exons and introns.

ü7.3.4

State that eukaryotic RNA needs the removal of introns to form mature mRNA.

3.5.3

Describe the genetic code in terms of codons composed of triplets of bases.

3.5.4

Explain the process of translation, leading to polypeptide formation.

3.5.5

Discuss the relationship between one gene and one polypeptide (see textbook page 304)

7.4.1

Explain that each tRNA molecule is recognized by a tRNA-activating enzyme that binds a specific amino acid to the tRNA, using ATP for energy.

7.4.2

Outline the structure of ribosomes, including protein and RNA composition, large and small subunits, three tRNA binding sites and mRNA binding sites.

7.4.3

State that translation consists of initiation, elongation, translocation and termination.

7.4.4

State that translation occurs in a 5’ à 3’ direction.

7.4.6

Explain the process of translation, including ribosomes, polysomes, start codons and stop codons.

4.1.3

4.1.4

Explain the consequence of a base substitution mutation in relation to the processes of transcription and translation, using the example of sickle-cell anemia.