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If you have a question, comment or concern, please
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Respiratory System |
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ü6.4.1 |
Distinguish between ventilation,
gas exchange and cell
respiration.
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ü6.4.2 |
Explain the
need for a ventilation system.
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ü6.4.3 |
Describe the features of alveoli
that adapt them to gas exchange.
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ü6.4.4 |
Draw and label a diagram of the
ventilation system, including trachea, lungs,
bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli
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6.4.5
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Explain the
mechanism of ventilation of the lungs in terms
of volume and pressure changes caused by the
internal and external intercostal muscles, the
diaphragm and abdominal muscles.
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H.6.5 |
Explain how and why ventilation
rate varies with exercise.
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2.4.4 |
Define diffusion and osmosis.
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2.4.5 |
Explain passive transport across
membranes by simple diffusion and facilitated
diffusion.
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H.6.1 |
Define partial pressure.
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H.6.2 |
Explain the oxygen dissociation
curves of adult hemoglobin, fetal hemoglobin and
myoglobin. A good site is:
http://www.wiley.com/college/fob/quiz/quiz07/7-7.html
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H.6.3 |
Describe how carbon dioxide is
carried by the blood,including the action of
carbonic anhydrase, the chloride shift and
buffering by plasma proteins.
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H.6.4 |
Explain the role of the Bohr
shift in the supply of oxygen to respiring
tissues. A good site is:
http://www.wiley.com/college/fob/quiz/quiz07/7-12.html
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H.6.7 |
Explain the problem of gas
exchange at high altitudes and the way the body
acclimatizes.
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H.6.6 |
Outline the possible causes of
asthma and its effects on the gas exchange
system.
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Describe the general requirements for a
respiratory surface and list the variety of
respiratory organs that have adapted to meet
them.
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Explain how air entering the human respiratory
system is filtered, warmed, and moistened
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For the human respiratory system, describe the
movement of air through air passageways to the
alveolus, listing the structures that air must
pass through on its journey.
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Describe the structure and function of the
alveoli
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Explain how inhaling and exhaling air is
accomplished by the human body
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Distinguish between tidal volume, vital
capacity, and residual volume.
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Define partial pressure and
explain how it influences diffusion across
respiratory surfaces.
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Explain why oxygen diffuses from
alveolar air spaces, through interstitial fluid
and across capillary epithelium. Then explain
why CO2 diffuses in the reverse direction.
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Explain why oxygen diffuses from
the bloodstream into the tissues far from the
lungs. Then explain why carbon dioxide diffuses
into the bloodstream from the same tissues.
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Draw the Hb-oxygen dissociation curve, explain
the significance of its shape, and explain how
the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen changes
with oxygen concentration.
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Compare the dissociation curves for adult
hemoglobin, fetal hemoglobin and myoglobin.
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Describe how carbon dioxide is picked up at the
tissues and deposited in the lungs.
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Describe what happens to carbon dioxide when it
dissolves in water under conditions normally
present in the human body.
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State the role played by the enzyme involved in
carbon dioxide transport.
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Define hypoxia and describe conditions that may
cause it
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Distinguish bronchitis from
emphysema. Then explain how lung cancer differs
from emphysema.
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Discuss the effects of smoking on
the health of the human body.
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Define allergy and asthma
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Describe the cause and effects of
allergies
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Outline the cause and effect of
asthma
For all class activities, check
the notes
packet
Key Terms:
Gas exchange
Respiration
Cellular respiration
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Diffusion
Surface area
Concentration gradient
Ventilation
Tracheal tube
Gills
Lungs
Nostril
Pharynx
Larynx
Epiglottis
Vocal chord
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Mucus
Cilia
Alveoli
Epithelium
Respiratory membrane
Intercostal muscles
Surface tension
Inhalation
Diaphragm
External intercostals
Exhalation
Internal Intercostals
Tidal volume
Vital capacity
Residual volume
Partial pressure
mm
Hg
Hemoglobin
Oxyhemoglobin
Dissociation curve
Bohr Effect
Myoglobin
Bicarbonate
Carbonic anhydrase
Altitude
Hypoxia
Tobacco
Lung cancer
Emphysema
Stroke
Bronchitis
Coronary artery disease
Peripheral vascular disease
Allergy
Allergen
Anaphylactic shock
Hay fever
Wheeze
Asthma
Bronchodilator
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