Essential Idea: Eukaryotes have a much more complex cell structure than prokaryotes.

• Outline answer to each objective statement for topic 1.2
• ​Quizlet study set for this topic

At SHS, Topic 1.2 is taught in the following class unit(s):

• Microscopy (unit 2)
• Prokaryotic cells (unit 3)
• Eukaryotic cells (unit 4)

1.2.U1  Prokaryotes have a simple cell structure without compartmentalization.

• Outline the major differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
• List the functions of the following structures of a prokaryotic cell:  cell membrane, nucleoid, plasmid, cytoplasm, ribosome, cell wall, pili, capsule, and flagella.
• ​Contrast the size of eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomes.

1.2.U2  Eukaryotes have a compartmentalized cell structure.

• State the meaning and advantages of eukaryotic cells being  “compartmentalized.”
• State structural differences between plant and animal cells.

1.2.U3  Prokaryotes divide by binary fission.

• Define asexual reproduction.
• Outline the steps of binary fission.​

1.2.U4  Electron microscopes have a much higher resolution than light microscopes.

• ​Define resolution.
• Compare the functionality of light and electron microscopes.

1.2.A1  Structure and function of organelles within exocrine gland cells of the pancreas.

• State the function of an exocrine gland cell.
• Describe the function of the following structures in an exocrine gland cell:  plasma membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles and endoplasmic reticulum.

1.2.A2  Structure and function of organelles within palisade mesophyll cells of the leaf.

• State the function of a palisade mesophyll cell.
• Draw a labeled diagram of a palisade cell from the leaf mesophyll. 
• ​Describe the function of the following structures in a palisade mesophyll cell:  cell wall, plasma membrane, chloroplasts, vacuole, nucleus, and mitochondria.​

1.2.S1  Drawings of the ultrastructure of prokaryotic cells based on electron micrographs.

• Explain why the ultrastructure of prokaryotic cells must be based on electron micrographs.
• Draw the ultrastructure of E.coli as seen in an electron micrograph.

1.2.S2  Drawings of the ultrastructure of eukaryotic cells based on electron micrographs.

• ​Draw and label a diagram of the ultrastructure of a generic animal cell.
• Draw and label a diagram of the ultrastructure of a generic plant cell.

1.2.S3  Interpretations of electron micrographs to identify organelles and deduce the function of specialized cells.

• Explain why cells with different functions will have different structures.
• Identify ultrastructures visible in a micrograph of a eukaryotic cell.
• Given a micrograph of a cell, deduce the function of the cell based on the structures present.​​

1.2.NOS  Developments in scientific research follows improvements in apparatus- the invention of the electron microscopes led to greater understanding of cell structure.

• With reference to a specific example, explain how an improvement in apparatus allowed for greater understanding of cell structure.