BIOLOGY FOR LIFE
  • IB Biology I
  • IB Biology II
  • Syllabus
    • Core >
      • 1: Cell Biology >
        • 1.1: Introduction to Cells
        • 1.2: Ultrastructure of Cells
        • 1.3: Membrane Structure
        • 1.4: Membrane Transport
        • 1.5: The Origin of Cells
        • 1.6: Cell Division
      • 2: Molecular Biology >
        • 2.1: Molecules to Metabolism
        • 2.2: Water
        • 2.3: Carbohydrates and Lipids
        • 2.4: Proteins
        • 2.5: Enzymes
        • 2.6: DNA and RNA
        • 2.7: DNA Replication, Transcription and Translation
        • 2.8: Cell Respiration
        • 2.9: Photosynthesis
      • 3: Genetics >
        • 3.1: Genes
        • 3.2: Chromosomes
        • 3.3: Meiosis
        • 3.4: Inheritance
        • 3.5: Genetic Modification and Biotechnology
      • 4: Ecology >
        • 4.1: Species, Communities and Ecosystems
        • 4.2: Energy Flow
        • 4.3: Carbon Cycling
        • 4.4: Climate Change
      • 5: Evolution and Biodiversity >
        • 5.1: Evidence for Evolution
        • 5.2: Natural Selection
        • 5.3: Classification and Biodiversity
        • 5.4: Cladistics
      • 6: Human Physiology >
        • 6.1: Digestion and Absorption
        • 6.2: The Blood System
        • 6.3: Defense Against Infectious Disease
        • 6.4: Gas Exchange
        • 6.5: Neurons and Synapses
        • 6.6: Hormones, Homeostasis and Reproduction
    • Higher Level >
      • 7: Nucleic Acids >
        • 7.1: DNA Structure and Replication
        • 7.2: Transcription and Gene Expression
        • 7.3: Translation
      • 8: Metabolism, Cell Respiration & Photosynthesis >
        • 8.1: Metabolism
        • 8.2: Cell Respiration
        • 8.3: Photosynthesis
      • 9: Plant Biology >
        • 9.1: Transport in the Xylem of Plants
        • 9.2: Transport in the Phloem of Plants
        • 9.3: Growth in Plants
        • 9.4: Reproduction in Plants
      • 10: Genetics and Evolution >
        • 10.1: Meiosis
        • 10.2: Inheritance
        • 10.3: Gene Pools and Speciation
      • 11: Animal Physiology >
        • 11.1: Antibody Production and Vaccination
        • 11.2: Movement
        • 11.3: Kidney and Osmoregulation
        • 11.4: Sexual Reproduction
    • Options >
      • D: Human Physiology >
        • D.1: Human Nutrition
        • D.2: Digestion
        • D.3: Functions of the Liver
        • D.4: The Heart
        • D.5: Hormones and Metabolism
        • D.6: Transport of Respiratory Gases
  • IB Requirements
    • Learner Profile
    • Group 4 Project
    • External Exam
    • Internal Assessment >
      • Personal Engagement
      • Exploration
      • Analysis
      • Evaluation
      • Communication
    • Extended Essay
  • Investigation Skills
    • Lab Safety
    • Microscopy
    • Lab Drawings
    • Data Tables
    • Measurement
    • Statistics >
      • Descriptive Statistics >
        • Skew
        • Measures of Central Tendancy
        • Measures of Spread
        • Pearson Correlation
      • Inferential Statistics >
        • T-Test
        • ANOVA
        • Kruskal-Wallis
        • X2 Test for Independence
        • X2 Goodness of Fit
    • Graphing >
      • Graphing with Excel
      • Interpreting Error Bars
    • Error Analysis
  • Course Info
    • Above & Beyond >
      • Biology Club
      • Pumpkin Carving
      • Scavenger Hunt
      • Science News
      • IB Bio Dance
      • Wood Duck Project
      • Invasive Crayfish Project
    • Assessment >
      • Class Grading IB Bio I
      • Class Grading IB Bio II
      • Daily Quizzes
      • WICC Assessment
      • Lab Practicals
    • Assessment Statements
    • Class Photos
    • Recommendations
    • Supplemental Reading
  • Contact
  • About
    • Philosophy
    • Resume
    • Reflection
    • Site Feedback
    • Favorite Quotes
    • AEF Blog
  • Expeditions
    • Bahamas (2009)
    • Trinidad (2010)
    • Trinidad (2011)
    • Ecuador (2012)
    • Trinidad (2013)
    • Peru (2014)
    • Bahamas (2015)
    • Peru (2016)
    • Costa Rica (2017)
    • Costa Rica (2018)
    • Peru (2020)
  • Alumni
  • Summer Ecology Research

10.3:  Gene pools
​and speciation

Essential Idea:  Gene pools change over time.
  • Outline answer to each objective statement for topic 10.3 (coming soon)
  • Quizlet study set for this topic (coming soon)
At SHS, Topic 10.3 is taught in the following class unit(s):​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
  • Natural Selection (unit 19)
  • Speciation (unit 21)

Statements & Objectives:

10.3.U1  A gene pool consists of all the genes, and their different alleles, present in an interbreeding population.​
  • Define gene pool.
  • Given data, calculate allele frequencies of genes in a gene pool.
  • Given data, calculate genotype frequencies for genes in a gene pool.
10.3.U2  Evolution required that allele frequencies change with time in populations.
  • Define evolution.
  • Outline five factors that can cause evolutionary change.
10.3.U3  Reproductive isolation of populations can be temporal, behavioral or geographic.​​
  • Compare allopatric and sympatric speciation.
  • Define reproductive isolation.
  • Explain temporal, behavioral and geographic isolation as mechanisms of speciation.
  • Describe an example of temporal, behavioral and geographic reproductive isolation.
  • Define speciation.
10.3.U4  Speciation due to divergence of isolated populations can be gradual.​
  • Outline a limitation of the idea of evolution through gradualism.
  • Identify gradualism from graphs of morphology changes over time.
  • Define gradualism.
10.3.U5  Speciation can occur abruptly.
  • Define punctuated equilibrium.
  • Outline a possible cause of rapid speciation events.
  • Identify punctuated equilibrium from graphs of morphology changes over time.
10.3.A1  Identifying examples of directional, stabilizing and disruptive selection.
  • Define stabilizing, disruptive and directional selection.
  • Use graphs to illustrate or identify stabilizing, disruptive and directional selection.
10.3.A2  Speciation in the genus Allium by polyploidy.​
  • Outline how polyploidy has led to many species of Allium.
  • List example species in the genus Allium (by common name)
10.3.S1 Comparison of allele frequencies of geographically isolated populations.​
  • Compare allele frequencies of two populations.
  • Describe how variations in the allele frequencies of a gene may be evidence of speciation.
10.3.NOS  Looking for patterns, trends and discrepancies- patterns of chromosome number in some genera can be explained by speciation due to polyploidy.​
  • Define polyploidy.
  • Outline causes of polyploidy.
  • Explain how polyploidy can lead to speciation.

In the News:

  • New piece of the puzzle increases understanding of speciation (2021-02-18)
  • ​Why crocodiles have changed so little since the age of the dinosaurs (2021-01-07)
  • ​Scientists Accidentally Bred the Fish Version of a Liger (2020-07-15)
  • New York and Boston Pigeons Don't Mix (2020-04-25)
  • When One Big Cat Is Almost Like the Other (2019-09-16)
  • Narwhals and belugas can interbreed (2019-06-20)
  • Speciation far from the madding crowd (2018-07-04)
  • How much space do you need to evolve a new mammal? These worm-eating mice have the answer (2018-05-15)
  • Why does evolution sometimes repeat itself? Spider-eating spiders may hold the answer (2018-03-08)
  • Two become one: two raven lineages merge in 'speciation reversal' (2018-03-02)
  • New Bird Species Arises From Hybrids, as Scientists Watch (2017-12)
  • Microbes can draw the line between species (2013-07-18)
  • Monkey's face says, 'Don't mate with me' (2014-06-26)
  • 'Killer sperm' prevents mating between worm species (2014-07-29)
  • As Animals Mingle, a Baffling Genetic Barrier (2014-08-05)
  • Alternate mechanism of species formation picks up support, thanks to a South American ant (2014-08-21)
  • Lions in West and Central Africa apparently unique (2016-08-11)
  • Three new sub-species of snow leopard discovered (2017-05-11)
  • Washington's State Fish Has A Remarkable Evolutionary Past (2014-04-23)
  • Gene doubling shapes the world: Instant speciation, biodiversity, and the root of our existence (2014-09-30)
  • Finding the Speed of Evolution in the Study of Bird Beaks (2017-02-01)
  • Tiny fossil reveals what happened to birds after dinosaurs went extinct (2017-07-10)
  • Dino-killing asteroid's impact on bird evolution (2017-09-21)
  • African clawed frog genome contains two full sets of chromosomes from 2 two extinct ancestors (2016-10-19)
  • Exploring an ancient event in pumpkin, gourd and melon evolution (2017-09-28)
I give many of my IB Biology resources away, for the benefit of students and teachers around the world. 
If you've found the materials helpful, please consider making a contribution of any amount
to 
this Earthwatch Expedition Fund. 

​Did I forget something?  Know of a mistake? Have a suggestion?  Let me know by emailing me here.

Before using any of the files available on this site,
​please familiarize yourself with the 
Creative Commons Attribution License. 
​​​It prohibits the use of any material on this site for commercial  purposes of any kind.  ​


"When we try to pick out anything by itself, we find it hitched to everything else in the Universe." 
 John Muir,   1911
  • IB Biology I
  • IB Biology II
  • Syllabus
    • Core >
      • 1: Cell Biology >
        • 1.1: Introduction to Cells
        • 1.2: Ultrastructure of Cells
        • 1.3: Membrane Structure
        • 1.4: Membrane Transport
        • 1.5: The Origin of Cells
        • 1.6: Cell Division
      • 2: Molecular Biology >
        • 2.1: Molecules to Metabolism
        • 2.2: Water
        • 2.3: Carbohydrates and Lipids
        • 2.4: Proteins
        • 2.5: Enzymes
        • 2.6: DNA and RNA
        • 2.7: DNA Replication, Transcription and Translation
        • 2.8: Cell Respiration
        • 2.9: Photosynthesis
      • 3: Genetics >
        • 3.1: Genes
        • 3.2: Chromosomes
        • 3.3: Meiosis
        • 3.4: Inheritance
        • 3.5: Genetic Modification and Biotechnology
      • 4: Ecology >
        • 4.1: Species, Communities and Ecosystems
        • 4.2: Energy Flow
        • 4.3: Carbon Cycling
        • 4.4: Climate Change
      • 5: Evolution and Biodiversity >
        • 5.1: Evidence for Evolution
        • 5.2: Natural Selection
        • 5.3: Classification and Biodiversity
        • 5.4: Cladistics
      • 6: Human Physiology >
        • 6.1: Digestion and Absorption
        • 6.2: The Blood System
        • 6.3: Defense Against Infectious Disease
        • 6.4: Gas Exchange
        • 6.5: Neurons and Synapses
        • 6.6: Hormones, Homeostasis and Reproduction
    • Higher Level >
      • 7: Nucleic Acids >
        • 7.1: DNA Structure and Replication
        • 7.2: Transcription and Gene Expression
        • 7.3: Translation
      • 8: Metabolism, Cell Respiration & Photosynthesis >
        • 8.1: Metabolism
        • 8.2: Cell Respiration
        • 8.3: Photosynthesis
      • 9: Plant Biology >
        • 9.1: Transport in the Xylem of Plants
        • 9.2: Transport in the Phloem of Plants
        • 9.3: Growth in Plants
        • 9.4: Reproduction in Plants
      • 10: Genetics and Evolution >
        • 10.1: Meiosis
        • 10.2: Inheritance
        • 10.3: Gene Pools and Speciation
      • 11: Animal Physiology >
        • 11.1: Antibody Production and Vaccination
        • 11.2: Movement
        • 11.3: Kidney and Osmoregulation
        • 11.4: Sexual Reproduction
    • Options >
      • D: Human Physiology >
        • D.1: Human Nutrition
        • D.2: Digestion
        • D.3: Functions of the Liver
        • D.4: The Heart
        • D.5: Hormones and Metabolism
        • D.6: Transport of Respiratory Gases
  • IB Requirements
    • Learner Profile
    • Group 4 Project
    • External Exam
    • Internal Assessment >
      • Personal Engagement
      • Exploration
      • Analysis
      • Evaluation
      • Communication
    • Extended Essay
  • Investigation Skills
    • Lab Safety
    • Microscopy
    • Lab Drawings
    • Data Tables
    • Measurement
    • Statistics >
      • Descriptive Statistics >
        • Skew
        • Measures of Central Tendancy
        • Measures of Spread
        • Pearson Correlation
      • Inferential Statistics >
        • T-Test
        • ANOVA
        • Kruskal-Wallis
        • X2 Test for Independence
        • X2 Goodness of Fit
    • Graphing >
      • Graphing with Excel
      • Interpreting Error Bars
    • Error Analysis
  • Course Info
    • Above & Beyond >
      • Biology Club
      • Pumpkin Carving
      • Scavenger Hunt
      • Science News
      • IB Bio Dance
      • Wood Duck Project
      • Invasive Crayfish Project
    • Assessment >
      • Class Grading IB Bio I
      • Class Grading IB Bio II
      • Daily Quizzes
      • WICC Assessment
      • Lab Practicals
    • Assessment Statements
    • Class Photos
    • Recommendations
    • Supplemental Reading
  • Contact
  • About
    • Philosophy
    • Resume
    • Reflection
    • Site Feedback
    • Favorite Quotes
    • AEF Blog
  • Expeditions
    • Bahamas (2009)
    • Trinidad (2010)
    • Trinidad (2011)
    • Ecuador (2012)
    • Trinidad (2013)
    • Peru (2014)
    • Bahamas (2015)
    • Peru (2016)
    • Costa Rica (2017)
    • Costa Rica (2018)
    • Peru (2020)
  • Alumni
  • Summer Ecology Research