Essential Idea:  Cell division is essential but must be controlled.

• Outline answer to each objective statement for topic 1.6 (coming soon)
• Quizlet study set for this topic

At SHS, Topic 1.6 is taught in the following class unit(s):

• ​Cell Division
• Cell Cycle and Cancer

1.6.U1  Mitosis is division of the nucleus into two genetically identical daughter nuclei.

• State the function of mitosis.
• List processes which involve mitosis.
• State the names of the four phases of mitosis.
• Draw typical eukaryotic cells as they would appear during the four phases of mitosis.
• Outline four events that occur during prophase.
• Outline the process of metaphase.
• Outline the process of anaphase.
• Outline four events that occur during telophase.​

1.6.U2  Chromosomes condense by supercoiling during mitosis.

• Describe the structure of a replicated chromosome, include the centromere and sister chromatids.
• Explain why chromosomes must condense during mitosis.

1.6.U3  Cytokinesis occurs after mitosis and is different in plants and animal cells.

• Define cytokinesis.
• State the difference between mitosis and cytokinesis.
• Contrast cytokinesis in plant and animal cells. 
• Describe the formation of the cleavage furrow in animal cell cytokinesis.
• Describe the formation of the middle lamella and cell wall in plant cell cytokinesis.​

1.6.U4  Interphase is a very active phase of the cell cycle with many processes occurring in the nucleus and cytoplasm.

• List example metabolic reactions occurring during cell interphase.
• Outline events of G1, S, G2 and G0 phases of interphase.​

1.6.U5  Cyclins are involved in the control of the cell cycle.

• Explain the role of cyclin and cyclin-CDK complexes in controlling the cell cycle. 
• State the role of cyclins D, B, A and E in the cell cycle.​

1.6.U6  Mutagens, oncogenes and metastasis are involved in the development of primary and secondary tumors.

• Define tumor, benign, malignant, metastasis, cancer, mutagen and carcinogen.
• Describe why mutagens are not necessarily carcinogens.
• Describe how cancer arises, referring to accumulation of mutations over time.
• Explain the relationship between oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and cancer.​

1.6.A1  The correlation between smoking and incidence of cancers.

• Explain the use of correlations to determine the relationship between two variables (inclusive of positive and negative correlations).
• Explain why the existence of a correlation does not necessitate a causal relationship between two variables. 
• Calculate a correlation coefficient using Pearson's R.
• Determine if a correlation coefficient value is significant.
• Define significant as related to the relationship between two variables.
• Use epidemiological case study information to outline the relationships between smoking and cancer.​

1.6.S1  Identification of phases of mitosis in cells viewed with a microscope or in a micrograph.

• Determine the phase of mitosis of a cell viewed in a micrograph or with a microscope.

1.6.S2  Determination of a mitotic index from a micrograph

• State the formula for calculation of a mitotic index.
• Calculate the mitotic index of a tissue as seen in a micrograph.
• Outline the use of mitotic index calculations in diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

1.6.NOS  Serendipity and scientific discoveries- the discoveries of cyclins was accidental.

• Outline the discovery of cyclins including the role of serendipity. ​