Essential Idea:  Species are named and classified using an internationally agreed system.

• Outline answer to each objective statement for topic 5.3 (coming soon)
• Quizlet study set for this topic
  

At SHS, Topic 5.3 is taught in the following class unit(s):​​​​​

• Classification (unit 22A)
• Biodiversity (unit 22B)
• Cladistics (unit 23)

5.3.U1  The binomial system of names for species is universal among biologists and has been agreed and developed at a series of congresses.

• ​Outline the role of botanical and zoological congresses in the naming of plants and animals.

5.3.U2  When species are discovered they are given scientific names using the binomial system.

• Define binomial nomenclature.
• State three rules of binomial nomenclature formatting. ​

5.3.U3  Taxonomists classify species using a hierarchy of taxa.​

• Define taxon and taxonomist.
• List the hierarchy of taxa, from largest to smallest.

5.3.U4  All organisms are classified into three domains.

• State the two groups of prokaryotes.
• List the three domains of life.
• Outline differences between the three domains of life.
• Draw a tree diagram to illustrate the evolutionary relationship between organisms of the three domains.

5.3.U5  The principal taxa for classifying eukaryotes are kingdom, phylum, class, order, family and genus and species.

• List the four kingdoms of eukaryotes.
• List the hierarchy of taxa, from largest to smallest​.

5.3.U6  In a natural classification, the genus and accompanying higher taxa consist of all the species that have evolved from one common ancestral species.

• ​Define natural classification.
• List two difficulties in determining the natural classification of species.

5.3.U7  Taxonomists sometimes reclassify groups of species when new evidence shows that a previous taxon contains species that have evolved from different ancestral species.

• List two situations in which the reclassification of a species may be necessary.  
• Outline an example of a species (or group of species) which were reclassified when new evidence was discovered. ​

5.3.U8  Natural classification helps in identification of species and allows the prediction of characteristics shared by species within a group.

• Explain two specific advantages of natural classification.

5.3.A1  Classification of one plant and one animal species from domain to species level.

• ​State the classification of a plant, from domain to species.
• State the classification of an animal, from domain to species.

5.3.A2  Recognition features of bryophyte, filicinophyta, coniferophyta, and angiospermophyta.

• State the four major plant phyla.
• Outline the differences between the four major plant phyla in regard to external recognition features.
• Identify the phyla of plant given external recognition features.

5.3.A3  Recognition features of porifera, cnidarian pletyhelmintha, annelida, Mollusca, arthropda and chordata.

• State seven major animal phyla.
• Outline the characteristics of seven major animal phyla.
• Identify the phyla of animal given external recognition features.

5.3.A4  Recognition of features of birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles and fish.​

• Contrast chordate and vertebrate.
• State five major classes of chordata.  
• Outline the characteristics of five major vertebrate classes.
• Identify the vertebrate class of animal given external recognition features.

5.3.S1  Construction of dichotomous keys for use in identifying specimens.

• Explain the use of a dichotomous key in the identification of a specimen.
• Create a dichotomous key given a sample of known specimens. ​

5.3.NOS  Cooperation and collaboration between groups of scientists- scientists use the binomial system to identify a species rather than the many different local names.

• ​​Outline why the binomial naming system is used in science rather than local names.
• State the role of Carl Linnaeus in naming species.

In the News:

• Why Are These Foxes Tame? Maybe They Weren’t So Wild to Begin With (2019-12-03)
  
• Dingoes Have Created a Scientific Rift (2019-08-14)
• What’s in a Name? Taxonomy Problems Vex Biologists (2019-06-24)
• The trickster microbes that are shaking up the tree of life (2019-05-14)
• What a Newfound Kingdom Means for the Tree of Life (2018-12-11)
• Divide and Preserve: Reclassifying Tigers to Help Save Them From Extinction (2018-10-25)
• ​Giant invasive flatworms found in France and overseas French territories (2018-05-22)
• Not so different after all: Human cells, hardy microbes share common ancestor (2017-11-08)
• Zoological Naming Authority Gets New Lease on Life (2013-11-18)
• Taxonomy anarchy hampers conservation (2017-05-31)
• Scientists name new species of cetacean: The Australian humpback dolphin (2014-08-01)
• Sea creatures add branch to tree of life (2014-09-03)
•  A new trout species described from the Alakır Stream in Antalya, Turkey (2014-12-15)
• New species found in the deepest trench on Earth (2014-12-20)
• Waiting to be discovered for more than 100 years, new species of bush crickets (2015-01-19)
• A rare new plant inspires the first genus named after Sir David Attenborough (2015-02-04)
• A bright-yellow new species of water frog from the Peruvian Andes  (2015-02-04)
• New species, the Ruby Seadragon, discovered (2015-02-18)
• New species of frog found in the Peruvian Andes (2016-03-28)
• These nine different creatures have been named after Barack Obama (2016-12-29)
• Top 10 new species for 2017 (2017-05-19)
• Our ancestor's 'leaky' membrane answers big questions in biology (2014-08-12)
• Meet Luca, the Ancestor of All Living Things (2016-07-25)
• ​Study advances 'DNA revolution,' tells butterflies' evolutionary history (2014-07-31)
• New species of humpback dolphin (2014-08-04)
• Misunderstood worm-like fossil finds its place in the Tree of Life (2014-08-17)
• ​Threat to African forest elephants (2016-08-31)
• Finding a home on tree of life for a tentacled ice cream cone with a lid (2017-01-11)
• Hiding in plain sight: New species of flying squirrel discovered (2017-06-06)
• ​A synopsis of the carabid beetle tribe Lachnophorini reveals remarkable 24 new species (2014-08-06)
• Humble Shrub Sheds Light on History of Flowering Plants (2013-12-19)
• The origin of vascular plants, more than 400 million years ago, changed the surface of our planet forever. (2015-06-11)
• Oldest known sponge pushes back date for key split in animal evolution (2015-03-09)
• Animal evolution: Sponges really are oldest animal phylum (2015-12-01)
• The secret lives of jellyfish (2016-03-22)
• Why watching comb jellies poop has stunned evolutionary biologists (2016-03-23)

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